Abstract
Objective
To investigate the relationship between smoking status and exercise capacity, physical activity in daily life and health-related quality of life in physically independent, elderly (≥60 years) individuals.
Design
Cross-sectional, observational study.
Setting
Community-dwelling, elderly individuals.
Participants
One hundred and fifty-four elderly individuals were categorised into four groups according to their smoking status: never smokers (n = 57), passive smokers (n = 30), ex-smokers (n = 45) and current smokers (n = 22).
Main outcome measures
Exercise capacity [6-minute walk test (6MWT)], physical activity in daily life (step counting) and health-related quality of life [36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire] were assessed.
Results
Current and ex-smokers had lower mean exercise capacity compared with never smokers: 90 [standard deviation (SD) 10] % predicted, 91 (SD 12) % predicted and 100 (SD 13) % predicted distance on 6MWT, respectively [mean differences −9.8%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) −17.8 to −1.8 and −9.1%, 95% CI −15.4 to −2.7, respectively; P < 0.05 for both]. The level of physical activity did not differ between the groups, but was found to correlate negatively with the level of nicotine dependence in current smokers (r = −0.47, P = 0.03). The median score for the mental health dimension of SF-36 was worse in passive {72 [interquartile range (IQR) 56 to 96] points} and current [76 (IQR 55 to 80) points] smokers compared with ex-smokers [88 (IQR 70 to 100) points] (median differences −16 points, 95% CI −22.2 to −3.0 and −12 points, 95% CI −22.8 to −2.4, respectively; P < 0.05 for both).
Conclusions
Among elderly individuals, current smokers had lower exercise capacity than never smokers. Although the level of physical activity did not differ between the groups, an association was found with smoking. Tobacco exposure was associated with worse scores for the mental health dimension of SF-36 in physically independent, elderly individuals.
Citation
Smoking status and its relationship with exercise capacity, physical activity in daily life and quality of life in physically independent, elderly individuals.